ARXO-2026-0442 · Reported
Rome I and Rome II, Danish, Italian and Romanian versions: does the rule on multiple liability require joint and several liability?
Most versions apply the rule to several debtors liable for the same claim. The Danish and Italian texts of both Regulations, and the Romanian text of Rome I, say jointly and severally liable. The Romanian text of Rome II says liable together.
Consequence
Under these texts a debtor who is liable for the same claim but not jointly and severally may fall outside the rule on recourse.
Proposed correction
The lawyer-linguists could say whether the wording should be aligned with the other versions: align the Danish, Italian and Romanian texts with liable for the same claim.
- Jurisdiction
- European Union — European Union
- Act
- Regulation (EC) No 593/2008 (Rome I) and Regulation (EC) No 864/2007 (Rome II)
- Place
- Article 16 of Rome I and Article 20 of Rome II, Danish, Italian and Romanian versions
- Record
- Question of reading or data
- Class
- Question of reading or data
- Where it arose
- A language version
- Arxo's conclusion
- Confirmed
- Official text
- Unchanged at last check
- Last checked
- 2026-10-31
Evidence
Pair of quotations. Quotations are verbatim from the official material; translations are ours and marked.
hæfter solidariskOur translation (English): are jointly and severally liable
responsabili in solidoOur translation (English): jointly and severally liable
răspund solidarOur translation (English): are jointly and severally liable
hæfter solidariskOur translation (English): are jointly and severally liable
responsabili in solidoOur translation (English): jointly and severally liable
liable for the same claim
How to check it without Arxo's tools
- Open Regulation (EC) No 593/2008 (Rome I), Official Journal, Danish version and find Article 16 (Danish). Compare the text with the quotation above. A copy is kept in this register: ddecb9eca5c46d5e-dan.xhtml (SHA-256
ddecb9eca5c46d5ec09d9a9dda404796776cdabe2ed7c8ca892c6fc0f8bd167c, copy of the official file). - Open Regulation (EC) No 593/2008 (Rome I), Official Journal, Italian version and find Article 16 (Italian). Compare the text with the quotation above. A copy is kept in this register: 36a5b0e2e51578ec-ita.xhtml (SHA-256
36a5b0e2e51578ec8ac34c6dce34320d2f52f91bbac2f91adce42350eec03e77, copy of the official file). - Open Regulation (EC) No 593/2008 (Rome I), Official Journal, Romanian version and find Article 16 (Romanian). Compare the text with the quotation above. A copy is kept in this register: 23419348fbaa0ff4-ron.xhtml (SHA-256
23419348fbaa0ff44274e859fc0f8afe46b5cad53961e9ae3217057f0da9cd76, copy of the official file). - Open Regulation (EC) No 864/2007 (Rome II), Official Journal, Danish version and find Article 20 (Danish). Compare the text with the quotation above. A copy is kept in this register: f203d52167fef639-dan.xhtml (SHA-256
f203d52167fef639398d2cf0aa1ba56486f1a40b6a37d2d56ddfca5a863b0cbe, copy of the official file). - Open Regulation (EC) No 864/2007 (Rome II), Official Journal, Italian version and find Article 20 (Italian). Compare the text with the quotation above. A copy is kept in this register: 5e9d04defee42492-ita.xhtml (SHA-256
5e9d04defee424921d4e6eb4ad4591680084c23a6c1b0a3db4b17cdb188e2a25, copy of the official file). - Open Regulation (EC) No 593/2008 (Rome I), Official Journal, English version and find Article 16 (English). Compare the text with the quotation above. A copy is kept in this register: 2f33c017cfb9fac3-eng.xhtml (SHA-256
2f33c017cfb9fac3ae950388e1dd1210ea23474c70f7c6a3e653226af586b941, copy of the official file). - The finding holds if the quoted passages read as shown and the comparison gives the result stated at the top of this page. If it does not, write to us with the record ID.
How this finding was made
AI models helped read and compare the texts and review the draft letters.
Responsible institutions
- Council of the European Union, General Secretariat, Directorate for Quality of Legislation — lawyer-linguists of the co-legislator; corrigendum procedure
- European Parliament, Directorate for Legislative Acts — lawyer-linguists of the co-legislator; corrigendum procedure
Reported to
| Date | Institution | Channel | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-31 | Council of the European Union, General Secretariat, Directorate for Quality of Legislation | Message-ID: <CAH-SH70ZbQP3i+XHyoG_2YvrdzeuSRWyOqzu9hnEYRN0Wq-YyA@mail.gmail.com> | |
| 2026-10-31 | European Parliament, Directorate for Legislative Acts | Message-ID: <CAH-SH73wRJpLRgo=g--ww+78cgCogZyxROz8dJX0vAD8VFp6ug@mail.gmail.com> |
Responses
No response recorded.
History
- 2026-10-31Confirmed by Arxo
- 2026-10-31Entered in the register
- 2026-10-31Reported to Council of the European Union, General Secretariat, Directorate for Quality of Legislation (e-mail)
- 2026-10-31Reported to European Parliament, Directorate for Legislative Acts (e-mail)
da
Rom I og Rom II, dansk, italiensk og rumænsk version: kræver reglen om flere skyldnere solidarisk hæftelse?
De fleste versioner anvender reglen på flere skyldnere, der hæfter for samme fordring. Den danske og den italienske tekst af begge forordninger og den rumænske tekst af Rom I siger, at de »hæfter solidarisk«. Den rumænske tekst af Rom II siger, at de hæfter sammen.
Consequence
Efter disse tekster kan en skyldner, der hæfter for samme fordring, men ikke solidarisk med de øvrige skyldnere, falde uden for reglen om regres.
Proposed correction
Juristlingvisterne kunne tage stilling til, om ordlyden bør bringes i overensstemmelse med de andre sprogversioner: bringe den danske, den italienske og den rumænske tekst i overensstemmelse med udtrykket hæfter for samme fordring.
it
Roma I e Roma II, versioni danese, italiana e rumena: la norma sulla responsabilità di più debitori richiede la responsabilità in solido?
La maggior parte delle versioni applica la norma a più debitori responsabili per lo stesso credito. I testi danese e italiano di entrambi i regolamenti e il testo rumeno di Roma I dicono «responsabili in solido». Il testo rumeno di Roma II dice responsabili insieme.
Consequence
Secondo questi testi, un debitore responsabile per lo stesso credito, ma non in solido con gli altri debitori, può restare escluso dalla norma sul regresso.
Proposed correction
I giuristi linguisti potrebbero indicare se la formulazione debba essere allineata alle altre versioni linguistiche: allineare i testi danese, italiano e rumeno alla formula responsabili per lo stesso credito.
ro
Roma I și Roma II, versiunile daneză, italiană și română: impune norma privind răspunderea multiplă răspunderea solidară?
Majoritatea versiunilor aplică norma mai multor debitori care răspund pentru aceeași creanță. Versiunile daneză și italiană ale ambelor regulamente, precum și versiunea română a Regulamentului Roma I, spun că debitorii „răspund solidar”. Textul român al Regulamentului Roma II spune că răspund în comun.
Consequence
Potrivit acestor texte, un debitor care răspunde pentru aceeași creanță, dar nu solidar cu ceilalți debitori, poate rămâne în afara normei privind regresul.
Proposed correction
Juriștii-lingviști ar putea preciza dacă formularea ar trebui aliniată cu celelalte versiuni lingvistice: alinierea textelor daneză, italiană și română la formularea răspund pentru aceeași creanță.
Cite this record
Arxo Law, Arxo Findings Register, ARXO-2026-0442, https://arxo.io/findings/ARXO-2026-0442/ (status as of 2026-10-31). Data: ARXO-2026-0442.json.